SYNCHRONIZATION PANEL
are mainly designed and used to meet power system requirements. These panels provide manual as well as automatic synchronizing function for one or more generator breakers. They are widely used in synchronizing generators and offering multiplexing solutions.
Synchronizing panels usually consist of:
A Generator Control Unit
A Syncrocloser Unit
A Syncrocloser Check Relay
FUNCTIONALITY
When mains are healthy, then both the D.G. Sets remain in the standby mode. When mains fail, Line Voltage Monitor (L.V.M.) senses it. Starting pulses are given to the Master D.G. Set. (Master D.G.Set is automatically selected by program.) After satisfactory starting of the D.G.Set 1, voltage is sensed by Generator Voltage Monitor (G.V.M.). If voltage is healthy, then closing signal is given to D.G. 1 breaker and it is closed. Giving corresponding pulses from the Synchronizing Panel can then automatically start load. The load is then sensed by KW transducer in the panel & continuously monitored by Programmable Logic Controller ( P.L.C.) Engine & Alternator parameters are also continuously monitored by P.L.C. in the Panel. In case of any fault (e.g. Low Lube Oil Pressure, High Cooling Water Temperature etc.), breaker is tripped & engine is stopped. If the load reaches & crosses 80% of the rated capacity of the D.G. 1, then starting pulses are given to the second D.G.set from P.L.C. When D.G.2 starts, then again G.V.M. checks the voltage, and if voltage is healthy, then breaker 2 is closed. After closing of the second breaker, Auto load sharing function starts sharing the load between the two D.G.Sets. The percentage of sharing is directly proportional to their individual capacities. Since sharing is proportional to their respective capacities, even D.G.sets of different capacities can be synchronized successfully. D.G.sets continue to run in Synchronization until the load is above 80 % of any one D.G.set. When load comes down below 80% of any one D.G.set, then the automatic signal is given to that D.G. & then it starts taking the full load. After transferring the total load to one D.G. (on which 80 % load is to be connected), the breaker of the second D.G.is opened. Now one D.G.is taking the load, which is less than 80% of its rated capacity. The second D.G. is then stopped after its cooling period. The programmed is repeated automatically for any variation of the load.
ADVANTAGES OF AUTO-SYNCHRONISING & AUTOLOAD SHARING
The total programmed is based on load in KW. Hence the actual sharing, starting, stopping & transfers are actual load dependent & not on any other unrealistic parameter like voltage, current. Etc. Changing of scheme becomes very easy because of changes are made through software only. There is no changing of wires, adding of components like relays, contactors, which is very time consuming, cumbersome & requiring additional space.